Energy repartition in the nonequilibrium steady state

Peng Yan, Gerrit E. W. Bauer, and Huaiwu Zhang
Phys. Rev. B 95, 024417 – Published 17 January 2017

Abstract

The concept of temperature in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is an outstanding theoretical issue. We propose an energy repartition principle that leads to a spectral (mode-dependent) temperature in steady-state nonequilibrium systems. The general concepts are illustrated by analytic solutions of the classical Heisenberg spin chain connected to Langevin heat reservoirs with arbitrary temperature profiles. Gradients of external magnetic fields are shown to localize spin waves in a Wannier-Zeemann fashion, while magnon interactions renormalize the spectral temperature. Our generic results are applicable to other thermodynamic systems such as Newtonian liquids, elastic solids, and Josephson junctions.

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  • Received 6 December 2016
  • Revised 26 December 2016

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.95.024417

©2017 American Physical Society

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Condensed Matter, Materials & Applied PhysicsStatistical Physics & Thermodynamics

Authors & Affiliations

Peng Yan1, Gerrit E. W. Bauer2,3, and Huaiwu Zhang1

  • 1School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
  • 2Institute for Materials Research and WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
  • 3Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands

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Issue

Vol. 95, Iss. 2 — 1 January 2017

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